The galvo laser system has a powered z axis Colum with a JCZ DLC2-M4-2D Marking Control Card
this type of system also uses EZ cad3.
How 3D laser engraving work
Unlike traditional 2D marking, 3D laser engraving takes a bit of time but the results are certainly worth the effort. Essentially, your designs or photos are modeled into a 3D design via computer software.
Once your design is ready, the 3D laser machine will focus its concentrated beams of light on a specific point below the surface of the material. The process begins when each bright point in the design is plotted on the final material surface. The machine will then focus a beam on each 3D coordinate. As the beam arrives at the focal point, the high-power laser pulse makes a small inclusion or void in the material.
Once this is done, the laser will move to the next coordinate and repeats the same process to make a second etched point. It will do this repeatedly until a sufficient number of points have been created to reproduce the intended design within the material. The laser machine typically emits a high-power output for darker areas and automatically decreases the power when the image becomes lighter.
The higher the power output from the machine, the deeper the laser burn and the lower the power output, the shallower the burn and hence the less material will be burned. Depending on the material in question, you might need to clean the surface of the product after engraving to get rid of debris. This is especially true for wood as it tends to give off a lot of oil residue during the intense heat exposure.
2.5D laser engraving
With 2.5D and 3D laser engraving, the surface of the work piece is removed to a certain depth in a software-controlled process. The material is evaporated layer by layer so that the desired structure gradually appears.
https://docs.lightburnsoftware.com/galvo/3DSlice.html
Galvo users without a live Z-axis have the ability to make “2.5D” engravings with Light Burn and their galvo, producing objects with tactile and visual depth. Light Burn calls this mode “3D Sliced” due to the similarity to 3D printing slicers; where horizontal slices are deposited by 3D printers, Light Burn allows subtractive layer-by-layer operations. 3D Sliced mode uses grayscale images called powernaps to create depth in the engraving. Darker shades of grey will be cut with more passes and become deeper, while lighter shades of grey will be cut with fewer passes, making them shallower. These can be created by hand, although tools like STL2PNG that generate raster images from STL files are often used to make more complex depth maps. The grayscale powernap can be imported to Light Burn like any other image. 3D Sliced mode uses the depth map to generate up to 256 steps of engravings, with impressive results.
you can do the engraving below with Co2 of your endurance galvo systems
here is a list to links of examples
https://forum.lightburnsoftware.com/t/first-attempt-at-3d-grayscale-engraving/5467
https://www.epiloglaser.com/how-it-works/stamp.htm (Co2 laser)
https://www.markolaser.com/industries/3d-deep-laser-engraving–laser-art (brass for fiber lasers)